AP Comparative Government Mexico Practice Test 2026 – Your All-in-One Guide to Exam Success!

The Pacto por México was a cross-party agreement to push major reforms in tax, energy, education, and telecom in exchange for political support for the president. It emerged in 2012 when President Enrique Peña Nieto brought together ruling and opposition parties to commit to a shared reform agenda. The idea was to overcome Mexico’s fragmented Congress and move a bundle of structural reforms designed to modernize the economy: a tax reform to increase revenue, an energy reform to open Pemex and CFE to private investment and competition, an education reform to introduce merit-based teacher evaluations and accountability, and a telecom reform to foster competition and lower costs. By securing bipartisan backing, the administration hoped to pass these reforms more smoothly.

This approach helped illustrate how the president could seek broad legislative support in a divided system, though the reforms’ implementation and political fallout varied over time. It’s not a treaty with the United States, a regional security pact, or a nationwide healthcare plan.